In the past thirty years, the incidence of the most prevalent cancer types has risen by approximately 80% among young adults who are under 50 years old globally. This situation is especially troubling for India, considering that more than half of its population are under 50 years. The reason for this increase in incidence is unclear due to insufficient understanding of etiology and mechanisms. Recent advances in multidimensional data analysis, encompassing clinical observations and omics-based exposome studies, are facilitating a preliminary understanding of the underlying causes of cancer in young adults. This EMBO Workshop will address epidemiology, emerging risk factors and strategies, gene-environment interactions, etiology and molecular pathologies, biological foundations and molecular mechanisms, preclinical experimental and simulation models, as well as precision medicine and treatment modalities. This EMBO Workshop will support in addressing challenges by enhancing our knowledge via collaborative efforts.